Directional and Disruptive Selection

Compare and contrast directional selection and disruptive selection, and provide an example of each. Many pathogenic bacteria species are becoming resistant to antibiotics.

Explain how such adaptations can develop through the process of natural selection. (Hint: Relate this example to the conditions that are necessary for natural selection to occur.) What are the major evolutionary trends that developed among major vertebrate groups, specifically those that allowed for the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life? Providing examples, explain how sexual reproduction in plants has evolved to become less dependent on water.